Kȃlirian

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Contents 1 Pronunciation 2 Punctuation 3 Articles and Grammatical Gender 4 Number 5 Stress 6 Germination 7 Nouns 8 Pronouns 9 Mood 10 Tense

Pronunciation

Vowels:

a -as in father

â -as in dark

i -as in the "ee" sound in deer

î -as in hit

u -as in moon

û -as in luck

Consonants:

b -as in bright

c or k- as in the cafe

d -as in dragon

f -as in face

g -as in get

h -as in hat

l -as in milk

m -as in mat

n -as in nose

p -as in pale

r -as in rice

s -as in sun

t -as in tost

v -as in van

z -as in zoo

Notes:

• /h/ is usually silent if comes after an /r/ or if it's the second-befor-last letter within a word.
• /s/ is pronounced the same as an /z/ at the beginning of a word.
• If a /s/ and a /g/ are written together they are pronounced as the /sk/ sound in the English word skip.
• It's common to find many double consonants such as /hh/, and /ff/ at the end of a word.

Punctuation

Although Kâlirian uses similar symbols that appear in English to illustrate punctuation (with the exception of the circumference diacritic) it should be noted that whilst some symbols may be used in the same way as they are used in English such as the fullstop /./ some symbols may have different functions in Kâlirian than they do in English such as the commar /'/ and the dash /-/. To avoid confusion each of the symbols and their functions have been listed in the table below:

• Capital letters -indicate nouns.
• . (full stop) -this symbol is placed at the end of sentences.
• ' (commar) -this symbol illustrates a pause in between two phonemes.
• - (dash) -this symbol is often used among compound words such as in the English compound, tree-house.

Articles and Grammatical Gender

In Kâlirian grammatical gender is to definate articles (such as in the English the). Gender is therefor indicated by the articles. The assigning of gender is fairly straight forward. The masculine gender is typically used if the noun subject is masculine. In addition to this the masculine gender may also be used as a default or may be givven to a specific sub group of nouns which include the names of days, months, and numbers.

Similarly the feminine gender is used if the noun subject is feminine. The feminine gender may also be used when nouns are related in some way to nature. This means that nouns such as the names of animals, plants, trees, and even the different types of dirt and rocks will also be given a feminine gender.

indefinate articles:

du	a
sev	an

definate articles:

	Masculine	Feminine
Nominative	kejad	kajad
Accusative	gejad	gajad
Genetive	bejad	bajad

Number

In Kâlirian there are three grammatical numbers, they are: singular, dual, and plural. Singular nouns indicate a noun that is by itself such as in the English word "book." Dual nouns indicate a pair of nouns, which is similar to the English word "books," except that in Kâlirian the dual marking is used exclusively to indicate two nouns whilst in English the same infliction 's or es may also indicate any number of nouns. In Kâlirian plurals indicate groups of nouns that consist of more than two in number.

Stress

Stress refers to the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word. In Kâlirian stress typically occures among the last vowel or consonant within a word. Some examples in Kâlirian are:

• segarhfa (bad)
• tarneq (those)
• fegad (dry)

Germination

Germination occures in words that contrast to eachother by the deliberate lengthening of a consonant in a word. In Kâlirian germination is used quite regularly and can often appear in words that relate to eachother, but this function is often evident even in words that have, or appear to have no relation towards eachother. In particular germination typically occures among duals and plurals. Germination generally occures on the first consonant that follows the first vowel as in duals; and on the the last or second-befor-last consonant in a word as in plurals. Plurals are also marked by the vowel "a" which is placed at the end of the word to prevent confusing plurals with stress in speech. Some examples have been provided below.

Singular	Duel	Plural
Hanarge (bird)	Hannarg (birds)	Hanarrga (birds)
Gesalev (street)	Gessalev (streets)	Gesalleva (streets)
Velaq (forrest)	Vellaq (forests)	Velaqqa (forests)

Nouns

WIP

Pronouns

Pronouns are used as substitues for propper or common nouns. In Kâlirian there are three types of pronouns. The pronouns include: singular, dual, and plural. In Kâlirian the same pronoun is used for both male and female, such as in the pronouns him/ she and he/ her. It's also possible to specify who is included in pronouns 'we,' and 'us.' Plurals and duals are destinguished by germination. The germination rule in pronouns is the same as it is in nouns. In plurals the germination takes place on the consonant that proceeds the first vowel, and in duals the germination takes place on the last or second last consonant. In addition to germination, pronouns can be destinguished by the following added markings: /ag/ or /g/ -suffix (to be included), /an/ or /n/ -suffix (to be excluded) and the vowel /a/ -suffix (added to prevent a germinated word from being confused with stress in speech).

Singular pronouns:

	Singular	English
1st person	vedag	I
2nd person	kaj	you
3rd person	gurv	him/ her

Plural and dual pronouns:

	Plural	Dual	English
1st person (incl. of listener)	vyddag	vydagga	we, us
1st person (excl. of listener)	valled	valedd	we, us
2nd person	vaqqud	vaqudda	you
3rd person	dîsuv	dîsuvva	them

Mood

Moods:

In Kâlirian there are three types of moods. They are referred to as Indicative, Subjunctive, and Imperitative.

Indicative:

Is the simplest and most basic mood.

Subjunctive:

Is used to express counterfactual (or conditional) statements, and is often found in if-then statements, and certain formulaic expressions.

Imperative:

Is used for commands or instructions.

Tense

There are four tenses in Kâlirian. They are past, present, near-future, and future. The past refers to something that has already happened. The present refers to something that is currently happening, the near-future refers to something that is about to happen in the forseeable future, the future refers to something that will happen in the far future. For example below is a table that includes some sentences in each of the tenses.

Tense	Example
Past	I have walked the dog
Present	I am walking the dog
Near-future	I will walk the dog soon
Future	I will walk the dog later