Vityng
From FrathWiki
Vityng ("born of winter") is an a posteriori Germanic conlang. The northern dialect is dominant.
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{| ALPHABET
a á æ ǽ b d ð e é f g h i í j k l m n o ó p r s t u ú v ƿ ƕ y ý þ ø ǿ
in handwriting only
"ƿ" replaces "vy", "vý" and "ƕ" replaces "hv"
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Vowels
stressed unstressed
a ɑ ɐ
á æʊ o
æ æ ɛ
ǽ æi e
e e ɛ
é jɛ i
i i ɪ
í i i
o ɒ ɐ
ó oʊ o
u u ʊ
ú u u
y y ʏ
ý y y
ø ø œ
ǿ øy ø
there are two types of stress:
heavy stress (dynamic + qualitative) which falls on the first syllable of every word
secondary stress (qualitative) falls only on final vowels
light stress (dynamic) which falls on the penultimate syllable of words four syllables or longer.
before [ŋ], [m] and [mː]
[æ] > [e]
[æɪ] > [e]
[ɛ] > [e]
[ɪ] > [i]
[ʊ] > [u]
[ʏ] > [y]
[œ] > [ø]
before [ʂ] and [ʐ]
[æ] > [ɑ]
[æi] > [oʊ]
[ɛ] > [ɔ]
[e] > [o]
[ɪ] > [ʊ]
[i] > [u]
[ʏ] > [ʊ]
[y] >[u]
[œ] > [ɔ]
[øy] > [oʊ]
DIPHTHONGS
ai/ay æi
ag æi
æg æi
ǽg æi
ei/ey ei
eg ei
ég jei
eo æʊ
ig i
íg i
øy øy
----
int. med. fin.
b b β f
d d ð θ
ð - ð ð
f f f f
g g ɣ x (g>j before æ ǽ e é i í)
h h - - (h>j before æ ǽ e é i í)
j j j -
k kʰ g k̚ (kʰ>kʲ before æ ǽ e é i í)
l l l l
m m m m
n n n n
p pʰ b p̚
r ɹ ɹ ɚ/r
s s s s
t tʰ d t̚
v v v v
hv ɸ ɸ -
þ θ/ð θ -
CONSONANT CLUSTERS
bn - bn bɪn
bt - pt pt
dn - dⁿ dɪn
dv dʷ dʷ -
fn - vn vɪn
gg - x x
gj xʲ j -
gn xn gn gɪn
gs - ɧ ɧ
ggs - ɧ ɧ
gt - kt kt
gv gʷ gʷ -
hj hʲ j -
hl ɬ ɬ -
hn n xn -
hr hɹ xɹ -
kk - xk xk
kn kn kn kɪn
kv kʷ kʷ -
ll - lː lː
mm - mː mː
nd - nd nθ
ng - ŋg ŋ
nn - nː nː
pp - xp xp
rd - ɖ ˞θ
rl - ɭ ɭ
rn - ɳ ɳ
rr - r r
rs - ʂ ʐ
rt - ʈ ɚ
sj ʃ ʃʲ -
sk sk ʃk ʃ
ss - s s
sv sʷ sʷ -
tr vɹ ʧɹ -
tt - xt xt
tv tʷ tʷ -
þv θʷ θʷ -
[j] > [ɻ] when followed by a rhotic vowel or a vowel followed by a retroflex consonant
----
UMLAUT
Diphthongs are not affected by umlaut
RADICAL U I A
a ø æ a
á ǿ ǽ á
e ø i/y æ
é ǿ í/ý ǽ
i y i e
í ý í é
o o ø o
ó ó ǿ ó
u u y o
ú ú ý ó
y y y ø
ý ý ý ǿ
æ æ e a
ǽ ǽ é á
ø ø y æ
ǿ ǿ ý ǽ
----
PRONOUNS
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
nom. akk/eig þá þætt -o -eo
vitt þitt þeir
varr þarr þǿ
accu. mikk þikk þætt
okkur ykkur þeir
óss yður þǿ
dat. mérr þérr því
okkorað ykkorað þǽm
ǿssi yðorað þǽm
gen. minn þinn þess
okka økka þára
óssa øða þára
reflexive
acc. ask þesk sikk
vitsk þetsk sekka
varsk þersk sikks
dat. ask þesk sikk
vitsk þetsk sekka
varsk þersk sikks
gen. askar þæskar sikks
vetskar þetsks sækkar
varsks þærskar sekkar
3rd refers to subject, 4th to object, 5th to other
akk/eig = personal/formal
"vitt" is often exclusive
while "varr" is often inclusive
2nd&3rd dual plural = honorary
interrogative contractions
1st 2nd 3rd
artá arðæ
ørmar ørðar ørðǿ
----
NOUNS
D 1
"horse" - hest
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
nom. ǽn høstur ǽn hæstar hystrinn hestærnir
acc. ǽn hest ǽn hest hystinn hæstna
dat. ǽn hysti ǽn høstum hystennað til hæstna
gen. ǽn hests ǽn hæsta hystinns hæstanna
D 2
"forest" - skogg
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
nom. ǽtt skogg ǽtt skøggir skogget skøggnir
acc. ǽtt skogg ǽtt skaggan skøggni skaggna
dat. ǽtt skoggen ǽtt skoggum til skøggni til skaggna
gen. ǽtt skoggs ǽtt skaggar skoggets skaggarna
D 3
"corpse" - skapp
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
nom. ǽ skappa ǽ skæppi skappǽ skæppinir
acc. ǽ skapp ǽ skæppi skappa skappna
dat. ǽ skappen ǽ skøppum til skappa til skappna
gen. ǽ skøppu ǽ skappar skøppoa skapparna
D 4
"rafter" - spærr
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
nom. ǽð sperri ǽð sperrir spærreð sperrirnir
acc. ǽð spærr ǽð sparran sperrni sparrna
dat. éði spærr éði sparran sperrnjað til sparrna
gen. ǽð spærra ǽð sparra spærræða sparrens
D 5
"island" - øy
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
nom. øy øyjar hinn øy hnir øyjar
acc. øy øyjar hinn øy hna øyjar
dat. að øy að øyjar hennað øy til hna øy
gen. øys øyja hinn øys hna øyjar
D 6
"hammer" - hammar
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
nom. ǽn hammar ǽn hæmri hammar hæmri
acc. ǽn hammar ǽn hæmri hammar hæmri
dat. ǽn hammren ǽn hømmrum hammren hømmrum
gen. ǽn hammars ǽn hæmris hammars hæmris
----
NOUN/PRONOUN LIST
alf - elf d3
agja - edge d3
ama - grandmother d3
arm - arm d3
arn - eagle d3
arsar - buttocks d6
avanna - festival, evening d3 (often spelled and pronounced without the first "a")
æðm - lung air d3
æfi - grand father (informal) d4 [af]
æffi - age d4 [aff]
ægir - dread / awe / respect d6 [ag]
æg - egg d2
æpi - father (informal) d4 [ap]
æpla - apple, fruit d3 [epl]
ærvyngur - heir d1 [ærving]
æska - ash d3 [esk]
ǽk - oak tree d2
ǽga - eye d3 [ǿg]
ǽr - copper, bronze d2
ǽra - ear d3 [ǿr]
bakka - back meat / bacon d3
bald - prince d3
barð - poet (1st rank) d3
barn - child/offsrping d3
bars - perch, bass d3
bǽn - bone d2
bǽrr - boar d2
belg - bag d3
breost - breast d3
bjarg - hill/fortress d3
bjørru - hole/small homested d4 [bjarr]
bjørn - bear d3
blað - blade/leaf/spoon shaped object d2
blóm - flower d2
bløð - blood d2
borkur - bark d1
botn - ground d3
bólar - bowl/cup d6
bóndur - farmer d1
brand - short sword/club d3
brædi - brother (informal) d4 [brad]
bræðirr - brother (formal)d2
brøggja - bridge d3 [brygg]
brǿð - bread d2
busk - bush, thicket d3
bykkjona - female of any non-human species d3 [bykkjun]
byrðenja - burden d3
bøkk - book d2
bølgur - belly/gut/stomach d1
bøllu - bellows d4
dagg - day d2
dagagg - dawn d2
dall - dale/valley d2
dattra - daughter d3
dǽlur - part, share d1
dǽt - death d2
doltur - fool d1
dóstur - dust d1
dverg - dwarf d3
dyr - animal d2
dvørru - delving/underground tunnels d4 [dverr]
dør - door d2
dragna - blackthorn d3
drækki - dragon d4 [drakk]
drǿmur - dream d1 [drám]
elg - elk d2
eorð - world d3
ésarn - iron d3
fæðirr - father (formal)d2
færa - fear d3
fjeld - field d2
fjøður - feather d1 [fjeð]
flǽsk - flesh d3
flikka - large piece of meat d3
fløtur - plain d1
folkur - person d1
fror - frost d2
froskur - frog d1
fryður - peace d1 [frið]
fúsk - fox d3
fyngur - finger d1 [fing]
fyrn - last year d3
fyskur - fish d1
førkur - pigling d1 [fark]
føtt - foot d2
fǿtur - fat d1
gafel - pitch fork d2
galæggð - law d3
gand - magic d3
gata - gate d3 street d2
gatrøggt - courtesy d2
gælg - gallows d3
gællu - meat hook d4
gærn - yarn d3
gǽr - spear d2
gǽtur - goat d1
gofa - steam d3 [guf]
gold - gold d3
grassa - grass d3
grimm - face d3
grundur - base d1
grunn - pasture d3
gúð - god d2
gǿsur - goose d1
hafn - haven d3
hattja - hag, witch d3
hagja - hedge d3
haldændi - possession (holding) d4 [haldand]
halsa - neck d3
hammar - war hammer d6
hanja - female bird d3
har - hair d3
harr - army/host d2
hængest - stallion d3
hǽður - honor d1
hǽlgedagg - religious festival d3
henda - female deer d3
hey - hay d5
hérna - here
himinn - heaven d2
hirn - brain d3
hjærta - heart d3
hord - treasure d3
horn - horn d3
hlagg - laugh d2
hlǽff - loaf d2
hlyrr - forehead d2
hlyss - sound d2
hløkkur - armour d1 [hlekk]
hnafa - servant boy d3
hnekka - peninsula d3 [hnikk]
hoddur - covering/protection d1 [hudd]
holta - fortified homestead d3
hundur - hound/dog d1
húss - house d2
hrivirr - organ d2 [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "rhiwir"]
hroffa - scab d3
hróff - roost d2
hróss - horse d2
hrótt - roof d2
hryggur - backside, tail, arse d1 [hrigg]
hreggja - back d3
hryngur - ring d1
hvyrl - crown d3
hvølur - whale d1 [hval]
høkk - bang/bump d2
høll - hall d2
hømmur - work hammer d1 [hamm]
hønd - hand d3
hørr - Honorary title d2
høstur - horse d1 [hest]
hǿfuð - head d2
hǿkur - hawk d1
hǿst - harvest d3
jarl - noble man d3
jærða - dirt/soil d3 [jørð]
jokkja - desire d3 [jukk]
kaðarmark - heavy warship d3 [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "kþanpark"]
kæggi - cask/keg d4 [kagg]
klǽ - brick d5
klodda - cheese d3 [kludd]
knappá - meal, supper d5
kné - knee d5
kokk - male bird d2
komma - block (of wood) d3
korn - grain d3 wheat d5
kóna - woman d3
kónung - king d2
krafa - personal strength d3
kroða - cabbage d3
kut - hut d2
kvó - cow d3
kyrnvi - foreign tongue d4 [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "kunwi"]
kvøld - evening d2
køfl - chin, jaw d2
køssa - kiss d3 [kyss]
køttur - cat d1 [katt]
kǿka - cheek d3
land - country d2
langt - length d3
laskt - weakness d3
læk - lake d2
læðn - loin d2
lǽrðør - boss, master d2
leðja - filth d3
lefa - life d3 [lif]
léfrekka - song bird d3 [léfrikk]
lim - lime, mortar d2
loft - night sky d3
lús - louse d2
lyfurn - liver d3
løggur - leg d1
løn - lane d2
lønd - estate d2
lǿður - soap d1
lǿff - leaf (either book or tree) d2
lǿg - hot spring d2
maða - moth d3
máða - anger d3
maðkur - maggot d1
magædin - maiden d2
margøn - morning d2
mætir - food d6
meddagg - midday, noon d2
moðra - mother d3
moggja - gnat d3
móga - monster d3 [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "nhuuja"]
munnur - mouth d1
múss - mouse d2
møður - human d1 [mann]
nægla - nail d3 [negl]
nest - provision d2
nu - now
ny - new
nyttur - night d1 [nitt]
nøkkur - horse demon d1
nøss - nose d2
oðnarnta - husband d3 [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "uþnant"]
oksa - ox d3
opant - hospitality d2
orð - word d3
ormur - snake, dragon d1
óðal - home d2
óður - poetry d1
ófla - owl d3
óføst - breakfast d2
ólfur - wolf d1
pørukk - tract of land d2
rann - house d2
ræft - log d3
rǽppur - rope d1
regn - rain d3
røfnur - raven/bird d1 [rafn]
saragg - shore d2
sæði - d4 [sað]
sær - sea d2
sǽpp - tree resin d3
sebba - blood relative d3 [sibb]
sekk - sack/bag d2
seyða - sheep d3
singel - pebble d2
síð - pivotal moment d2
skald - poet (second rank) d3
skalla - skull d3
skappa - body (lifeless) d3
skǽð - sheath d2
skegg - beard d2
skera - shire d3 [skir]
skerg - island (off shore) d3
skestaða - sky d3
skestaðagg - horizon d2
sketa - manure d3 [skit]
ski - cloud d4
skill - skill, art d2
skinn - skin, hide d2
skjøld - shield d2
skogg - forest d2
somar - summer d6
skøkkur - shank (leg of meat) d1 [skakk]
skøkull - chain d2
skømm - dishonour d2
skøpur - body (alive) d1 [skap]
skørru - shore d4 [skerr]
slanga - worm d3
slata - dirty or illbred woman d3
slænga - loop for lifting or carrying d3
sól - sun d2
spann - shingle d2
spaða - shovel d3 sword d2
sperri - rafter d4 [spærr]
sperrymúss - bat d2
spjar - short spear d2
spjør - pole d2
spjók - ghost d2
staða - location/place d3
staff - letter d2
staffændi - writing, script d4
stæfnir - plant stem d1 [stafn]
stǽnn - stone d2
stefn - voice d3
stekka - stick d3 [stikk]
stjærna - star d3 [stjern]
stjorr - bull d2
stormur - storm d1
strønd - beach d3
støður - city d1 [stað]
søstra - sister d3 [systre]
svæfirl - teacher, counseler d3 [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "safil"]
sveggða - fish flesh d3 [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "sikþ"]
svernæppi - whiskey, vodka d4 [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "sinap"]
svyrlírts - holy ground, holy grove d3 [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "sulitþ"]
svømpur - mushroom d1
svørð - crust d3
svørður - long sword d1 [svarð]
svønur - swan d1 [svan]
sønur - son d1 [sen]
sørkur - shirt d1
sørve - necklace d3
tafla - table d3
tala - number d3
tar - tear d2
tid - tide d2
tjara - tar d3
tonga - tongue, language d3 [tung]
træ - tree d5
trommur - copse d1
tun - palisade d2
tyd - time d2
tymmur - timber d1 [timm]
tønn - tooth d2
ungur - youth d1
urdǽln - verdict d3
vald - small forest d3
varar - oath d6
varg - outlaw d3
vatn - water d3
vælka - storm cloud d3 [velk]
vællyskur - foreigner, a person who doesnt speak vityng d1
vænd - wind d3
vængur - wing d1
vena - wine d3 [vin]
venna - struggle d3 [vinn]
vest - west, right hand d3
vyður - wood d1 [við]
vif - female blood relation d2
vikk - coastal city d2
vykkjur - witch d1 [vikk]
vin - field d5
vin - friend d2
vinber - grape d2
vráðar - courage d6
vrǽð - wrath d2
vrótla - root d3 [vrútle]
vøgur - way d1 [veg]
vøggur - wall d1 [vagg]
vølogg - snail d2
vøtur - winter d1 [vet]
þatta - that d3
þælja - plank d3
þessa - this d3 [þiss]
þérna - there
þikkt - thought/wisdom d2
þing - thing d2
þmæli - small animal d4 [þmal]
þjorr - castrated bull d2
þmørr - butter d2
þmyður - smith d1 [þmið]
þmyrr - oil d2
þnægi - hook d4 [þnag]
þnǽ - snow d5
þnorra - sister-in-law d3
þnøkur - snake d1 [þnak]
þolnur - peg d1
þólt - tolerance d2
þróta - throat d3
þvælta - fever d3 [þvelt]
þøffur - custom d1
øl - beer d2
øln - all d2
øngur - distress d1 [ang]
ørlur - plague d1 [arl]
øskur - ash tree d1 [ask]
øy - island (mid ocean) d5
ǿstur - east, left hand d1
ǿtur - poison d1 [át]
----
VERBS
CLASS 1
segjan "to say"
PRESENT TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. segja segjar seg
du/plr segjum segið segja
PAST TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. segð segður segður
du/plr segðum segð segð
NEGATIVE
PRESENT TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. segna segnar segna
du/plr segjona segnið segna
PAST TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. segðen segðurn segðurn
du/plr segðon segðen segðen
"t" can replace "ð" anytime
vowels do not mutate in class 1 verbs
TENSES
infinitive - segjan (to say)
present - segja (say/saying)
past - segð (said)
imperfect - segð før (used to say)
future - skæl segja (will say)
present perfect - hafa segð (have said)
past perfect - haft segð (had said)
future perfect - skæl segð (will have said)
past progressive - segðændi (was saying)
progressive - segjændi (saying)
future progressive - skæl segjændi (will be saying)
past participle - gasegð (said) only for passive voice
MOOD
conditional - jogann skald segja, skald segja (would say, should say)
"can" "able" - hald segja (can say)
CLASS 2
þykkú "to think"
PRESENT TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. þikk þikkert þykkú
du/plr þikke þykkú þikki
PAST TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. þakk þakkert þøkkú
du/plr þakke þøkkú þækki
class 2 vowels
pres. past.
a ó
á ú
e o
é jo
i a
í ai/ay
o e
ó ei/ey
u æ
ú ai/ay
y ø
ý øy
æ ǿ
ǽ ý
ø o
ǿ oy
IRREGULAR
att kyr "to choose"
PRESENT TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. kyr kyr kyr
du/plr kyr kyr kyr
PAST TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. kyrt kyrt kyrt
du/plr kyrt kyrt kyrt
----
VERB LIST
att argo - to unman/unnerve (irregular
æggjan - to goad c1 ð
bakan - to bake c1 t
bjargan - to shelter/to bury c1 t
bløðú - to bleed c2
brynnú - to burn c2
bǿgnan - to beckon c1
dængjan - to hammer c1 t
deyjan - to die c1 t/ð
drefn - to drive c1 ð
drekkan - to drink c1 t
égynnú - to own c2
farn - to go c1 t/ð
att fæðm - to fathom (irregular)
færan - to fear c1 ð
fæstan - to hold firm c1
flan - to skin c1 t/ð
frosú - to freeze c2
fyllú - to fill c2
fynnú - to find c2
føstan - to fast c1
gabban - to mock c1 t
gan - to go/come c1 t/ð
gasn - to gaze/look/gape c1 t
gefn - to give c1 t/ð
gældan - to castrate c1 t
gengan - to walk c1 t
gætan - to get/obtain t
grætan - to pardon/forgive c1 t
hafn - to have c1 t/ð
haldan - to hold c1 t
halsoln - to kiss passionately c1
hørskú - to sour c2
hækeln - to heckle c1
hæspan - to pinch/pin c1
hǽman - to dwell c1 t
hlǿpn - to run c1 t
hongan - to hunger c1 t
jokkjan - to itch c1 t
kallan - to call c1 t/ð
kastan - to throw c1 t
knappan - to eat c1 t
knottan - to tie in a knot c1 t
knøvu - to kneel c2 [kne]
kogan - to oppress c1 ð
kopénan - to keep c1 t
krafjan - to demand by right c1 t/ð
att kyr - to choose (irregular)
kyssú - to kiss c2
lákan - to exercise/play c1 t
lákkan - to dance c1 t
læggjan - to lay c1 ð
lǽfn - to remain c1 t
lǽðjan - to lead c1 t
leggjan - to rest horizontally c1 ð
lernan - to learn c1 t
lúfn - to love intimately c1 t/ð
lyðú - to praise/to sing c2
lygú - to speak falsely c2
mornan - to mourn c1 t
mornú - to pine c2
nyfferan - to pamper c1 t/ð [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "nufir"]
opan - to be hospitable c1
opn - to weep c1 t
uttú - to expel c2
pryttú - to trick c2
rásn - to raise c1 t
reidan - to read/guess c1 t
rotjan - to rot c1 t
rysú - to rise c2
rǿfn - to rob c1
sækkvan - to sink c1 t
sændan - to send c1 t
sætjan - to set/sit c1 t
segjan - to say c1 t/ð
sengvan - to sing c1 t
seikjan - to search c1 t
sjan - to see c1 t/ð
skapn - to shape/make c1 t
att skóla - to owe (irregular)
skømmú - to dishonour c2
slæppan - to sleep c1 t
sóppan - to become inebriated c1 t
att stand - to stand (irregular)
strekvan - to stroke c1 t
svemman - to move in the water c1 t
takan - to take c1 t
taln - to tell c1 t/ð
targan - to defend t
tællan - to remember c1 t/ð
tǽgn - to tie c1 t/ð
tekkan - to touch c1 t
trǽstan - to trust c1 t
tryggú - to believe c2
valdan - to rule c1 t
valkan - to drag c1 t
vandran - to travel/to wander c1 t/ð
veskjan - to ask c1 t
vrækkjan - to wreck c1 t
þakkan - to thank c1 t
þartan - to betray c1 t [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "þat"]
þækjan - to cover c1 t
þmyrvú - to smear c2
þólan - to endure/to love plutonically c1 t/ð
þykkú - to think c2
þræskan - to thresh c1 t
þrútnan - to swell c1 t/ð
ønnú - to work d2
øpennan - to open c1 t
øskjan - to want c1 t
----
COPOLAs
varan "to be"
PRESENT TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. æm art ar
du/plr ørum ørð ør
PAST TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. var vara var
du/plr vørum vør vør
IMPERATIVE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. vera verst ver
du/plr vørum virið vera
NEGATIVE
PRESENT TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. ana arna arna
du/plr ørona ørna ørna
PAST TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. varna varana varna
du/plr vørona vørna vørna
IMPERATIVE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. verana verna verna
du/plr vørona virena verana
----
ADJECTIVES
ungur "young"
nom. ungur
onga
ungen
acc. ung
onga
ungen
dat. unge
yngi
ungum
gen. ungs
ongas
ungens
----
ADJECTIVE/ADVERB LIST
aðal - noble
ald - old
angð - vengeful anger (a sense of righteousness)
annarr - other
arg - unmanly
ǽ - ever
ǽva - forever
ændir - last
berh - bright
biggǽð - exact [borrowed from Rhasnikþ pjiiþjaiþ]
blakk - dark
bǿsja - bad/evil
drǿg - dry
efn - even
endir - end
færr - far
fætt - fat
fegjar - fair
fjara - few
frið - free
full - full
før - before
føst - firm
gamla - old
gnogg - enough
góð - good
half - half
har - venerable/respectable
hefig - heavy
hǽlge - holy
hørð - hard
hǿr - high
kald - cold
lang - long
lask - weak
prett - pretty
harsk - rough, harsh
hlægglik - funny
hlóð - famous
lúð - loud
matt - mighty
mest - most
méri - more
mikkil - great/many/large
myrklik - murky
myrk - dark
nyst - next
nørðlik - northern
oftra - after/later
óð - insane/mad
rang - little [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "ranh"]
rett - correct
salf - dirty
seð - late
skala - bald
skamm - short
skarpf - sharp
skæla - balance
slat - common
slav - blunt, dull
slett - smoothe
slør - slow/blunt/stupid
spekka - small
stark - strong
stor - big
stirtli - barren sterile
sum - some
svókk - lithe [borrowed from Rhasnikþ "suuk"]
trést - loyal/faithful
tvark - strange
ung - young
vat - wet
við - wide
virsera - worse
viss - wise
þekk - thick
þrukk - through/thorough
þunn - thin/narrow
yfir - over
yndir - under
øffug - backward
øln - all
----
COMMON WORDS/PHRASES
jǿ - yes
gíss - yes (used in less formal settings)
nǽ - no
næta - no (used when impatient, and is often spoken thrice)
hǽl - hello
goðǽl - good health (goodbye or hello)
góð dagg - good day/morning
góð kvøld - good evening/night
for oftra - goodbye
þakka/þakka þikk - thank you
----
QUESTION WORDS (not declined)
hvem - who
hvað - what (is that?)/ that
hvatt - what (do you want?)
hvar - where
hvarn - where from
hvætyd - when
hvarfor - why
hvilyk - which
hvatøg - how
----
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
hérna - here
heðar - hither
gjønd - that there (yonder)
þatta - that
þætti - those
þessa - this
þissi - these
þérna - there
þaðar - thither
----
hinn gæstarmargøn - yesterday morning
hinn gæstar - yesterday
hinn gæstarkvøld - last night
hinn margøn - this morning
hinn dagg - today
hinn kvøld - tonight
hinn nystormargøn - tomorrow morning
hinn nystur - tomorrow
hinn nysturkvøld - tomorrow night
----
PREPOSTION/CONJUNCTION LIST
af/-sk - of, from
an - on+accu./onto+dat.
at - locative marker "at"
bi - near, by+accu. /next to+dat.
ekka - no/without
for - for
fram - away from
i - in+accu./into+dat.
jaf - if
með - with
ney - not (almost entirely replaced with -na)
og - and
sið - since
sva - so
þæn - then
þja - instrumental marker "with" "using"
ut - out+accu./out of+dat.
úr - made by/done by
veð - apart (not with)
----
AFFIXES
al- - the whole of something ølhúss = all houses
-ekkla - diminutive hyndekkla = little dog
-føldur - multiplicative suffix þrerføldur = threefold/thrice
ga- - collective many together gaspjók(nir) = (all)many ghosts
-ga - see "-yskur"
-lykur - see "-yskur"
-lyngur - diminuative bældlyngur = princeling
-lǿss - lacking þekklǿss = thoughtless
ó- - indicates opposite ǿviss = not wise (stupid)
-ness - city on a beach svanness = swanness
-sk - reflexive suffixe tælsk = tell yourself/oneself (remember)
-skøpur - state of being gofaskøpur = to be steam (angry)
-sømur - added to a number to make a group of that number fæmmsømur = fivesome
-vyrður - worthy lyðvyrður (praiseworthy)
-vik - city by the sea længvik = longwick
-vørður - toward nittvørður = near to night
-yngur - "born of" þikkyngur = born of thought (idea/man of science)
-yskur - approximative vissyskur = smart (almost wise)
-ør - agentive gifør = giver
noun > adjective = -ga
noun > verb = -ændi
adjective > noun = -ð / -yng
adjective > verb = -en
verb > noun = minus -an plus -á
verb > adjective = minus -an plus -er
----
CURRENCY
each denomination has two values, a copper value and a silver value
the copper being 1/16th the value of the silver
copper/silver ~ €uro
halfpenyng - half penny (2 grams) €1.44/€23.06
penyng - penny (4 grams) €2.88/€46.13
skilyng - shilling (6 grams) €4.32/€69.19
hvyrl - crown (12 grams) €8.65/€138.39
femmt - fifth (60 grams) €43.25/€691.94
klǽ - brick (300 grams) €216.23/€3459.71
----
WEIGHT
singel - 2 grams
hring - 32 grams
mark - 320 grams
halfstǽnn - 5.12 kilos
stǽnn - 10.24 kilos
tviføldur - 20.48 kilos
skipstǽnn - 163.84 kilos
----
VOLUME
drópa - 0.1 ml
hæspa - 1.6 ml
blað - 25.6 ml
ból - 204.8 ml
stor ból - 409.6 ml
kæggi - 6 l 553.6 ml
oksuhǿfuð - 104 l 857.6 ml
----
MEASURE
þomm - 2.2 cm
fyngur - 8.8 cm
hønd - 17.6 cm
aln - 70.4 cm
skeplangt - 11 m 26.4 cm
geng - 180 m 22.4 cm
rastja - 2 km 883 m 58.4 cm
----
TIME
tung - usually 1/300 of a speka
speka - 5 min
tjand - 1.5 hrs
dagg - 24 hrs
monæð - 28 days
gjar - 364 days
langjar - 367 days
----
MONTHES
#1 nøgjar (new year) december 22
#2 midvøtur (midwinter) january 19
#3 stirtlimonæð (barren month) february 16
#4 ǽnmonæð (one month) March 16
#5 femmt (fifth) April 13
#6 eggtid (eggtide) May 11
#7 sólmonæð (sunmonth) June 8 (29 every 12 years)
#8 heymonæð (haymonth) July 6 (29 every 12 year)
#9 tviføld (twofold) August 3
#10 hǿstmonæð (harvest month) August 31 (29 every 12 years)
#11 nyvøtur (new winter) September 28
#12 frormonæð (frostmonth) October 26
#13 førnøgjar (before new year) november 25
----
COLOURS
bla - dark blue
brúnur - brown
gjólur - yellow
gul - gold
grænn - green
hlúd - grey
hvytur - white
rǿður - red
svørtur - black
sylf - silver
----
NUMBERS
All numbers are 5th declension
CARDINAL
ǽn - one
tvǽr - two
þrir - three
féra - four
femm - five
sess - six
sjǿfn - seven
átta - eight
ni - nine
ti - ten
elefn - eleven
tvølf - twelve
þrirten - thirteen
férten - fourteen
femmten - fifteen
sesten - sixteen
sjǿften - seventeen
áttaten - eighteen
ninten - nineteen
tverté / skor - twenty
ǽn an tverté - one on twenty
þrirté - thirty
tvǽr an þrirté - two on thirty
férté - forty
femmté - fifty
sesté - sixty
sjǿfté - seventy
átté - eighty
nité - nine
hóndræð - hundred
stor hóndræð - big hundred (120)
femm hóndreðir og sess an skor - five hundreds and six on score
þúsynd - thousand
stor þúsynd - big thousand (1200)
þrir þúsyndir og ǽn hóndræð sess an sjǿfté - three thousands and one hundred six on seventy
ORDINAL
fyrstur - first
annarr - second
þrið - third
férand - fourth
femmt - fifth
sesst - sixth
sjǿfnt - seventh
áttand - eighth
njand - ninth
tjand - tenth
elefnt - eleventh
tvølft - twelfth
----
DISCLAIMER
I am no longer sure if this section is grammatically correct
SENTENCES
SVOI - declarative
OVSI - interogative
IVO(S) - imperative
Akk hǽma i ǽtt nørðlik skogg.
i dwell in a northern forest.
þætt kall þikk Bjørn.
he calls you bjorn.
Akk taka gérni fram þérr.
i take the spear from you.
þinginn hvað skap hykkir i nittinn.
the thing what makes bangs in the night. - the thing that goes bump in the night.
þikk finnert ungur Olfarr?
find you young Olf? - did young olf find you?
ung Olfarr fynnú þá.
find young Olf you? - did you find young olf?
gérni taka Akk fram þérr?
take the spear i from you? - did i take the spear from you?
mérr gefar þætt.
to me give it. - give it to me.
ASPECTS
frequentive - segjol (chatter)
habitual - segjændi (speak often)
protractive/iterative - segjæng (saying over and over/again and again) often implies that the action was boring
MOOD
cohortative - varr/vitt velja (let us)
conditional - skald (would)
----
NAMES
Aldrik - old power m.
Alfrik - elf power m.
Annarr - second child m./f.
Ǽrik - "Eric" m.
Bjørn - bear m.
Bjærna - bearess f.
Bærny - small child m.
Fyrst - first child m./f.
Karl - man m.
Olfarr - related to Ólf m.
Ólf - wolf m.
Starkstǽnn - strong stone m.
Trestǽ - trusted one f.
Vrekkør - wrecker m.
Øydis - island godess f.
VIRTUES
1. Gifting is praiseworthy. - gefændi ar lyðvyrður.
2. Generosity is praiseworthy. - gefængt ar lyðvyrður.
3. Moderation is praiseworthy. - skæla ar lyðvyrður.
4. The maintaining of frith in all circumstances is praiseworthy. - fryður kopénændi ǽva ar lyðvyrður.
5. Courage is praiseworthy. - vráðar ar lyðvyrður.
6. The seeking of good over ill is praiseworthy. - seikjan góð før bǿsja ar lyðvyrður.
7. Hospitality is praiseworthy. - opant ar lyðvyrður.
8. Courtesy is praiseworthy. - gatrøggt ar lyðvyrður.
9. Tolerance is praiseworthy. - þólt ar lyðvyrður.
10. The pursuit of wisdom and knowledge is praiseworthy. - seikjan þikktir ar lyðvyrður.
11. The defense of freedom is praiseworthy.
12. Industriousness is praiseworthy.
13. Vigilance is praiseworthy.
14. The protection, nurturing and forbearing of kin is praiseworthy.
15. Showing respect for elders is praiseworthy.
16. Loyalty to friends and kin is praiseworthy.
17. Keeping an oath is praiseworthy.
18. Honoring the sanctity of marriage is praiseworthy.
19. Refraining from mockery is praiseworthy.
2o. Refraining from arrogance is praiseworthy.
21. Making kin, honor and justice more important than gold is praiseworthy.
22. Cleanliness is praiseworthy.
23. The maintaining of one's dignity in all situations is praiseworthy.
24. Good organization is praiseworthy.
25. Persistence is praiseworthy.
26. The rule of law is praiseworthy.
27. To try ones steel against an opponent fairly is praiseworthy.
28. Respect for the dead is praiseworthy.
29. For a man to never strike a woman is praiseworthy.
30. To not abuse one's power is praiseworthy.
akk lófa spekka kruðling minn. - I love my little cabbageling.
ɑxk loʊ.fɐ spɛx.kɐ kɹʊð.liŋ mɪn
til kónyngni eig æm trést. - I am loyal to the king.
tʰɪl kʰoʊ.nʏŋ.ni ɛɪx æm vɹɛst
hystinn, þætt ar góð. - the horse is good.
hʏs.tɪnː ðæxt ɑ˞ goʊð
kóna, þætt slæpp. - the woman is sleeping.
kʰoʊ.nɐ ðæxt slæxp
kóna, þætt lǽkk. - the woman is dancing.
kʰoʊ.nɐ ðæxt læɪxk
kónǽ, þætt stryku bjørna. - the woman is petting the bear.
kʰoʊ.næɪ ðæxt ʃtɹʏ.gu bʲœ˞.ɳɐ
kónǽ, þætt sja bjørna. - the woman sees the bear.
kʰoʊ.næɪ ðæxt ʃɑ bʲœ˞.ɳɐ
kónǽ, þætt gef bykkni til mænninn. - the woman is giving the book to the man.
kʰoʊ.næɪ ðæxt jɛf bʏxk.ni tʰɪl mæ.nːɪnː
