Dhámhè

Phonology

Consonants

• p t ʈ c k /p t ṭ c k/
• pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ /ph th ṭh ch kh/
• b d ɖ ɟ g /b d ḍ j g/
• bʰ dʰ ɖʰ ɟʰ gʰ /bh dh ḍh jh gh/
• p͡f t͡s ʈ͡ʂ c͡ç k͡x /pf ts ṭṣ cċ kx/
• p͡fʰ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ c͡çʰ k͡xʰ /pfh tsh ṭṣh cċh kxh/
• b͡v d͡z ɖ͡ʐ ɟ͡ʝ g͡ɣ /bv dz ḍẓ jy gḥ/
• b͡vʰ d͡zʰ ɖ͡ʐʰ ɟ͡ʝʰ g͡ɣʰ /bvh dzh ḍẓh jyh gḥh/
• f θ̠ ʂ ç h /f s ṣ ċ h/
• v ð̞ ʐ ʝ ɣ /v z ẓ y ḥ/
• m n ɳ ɲ ŋ /m n ṇ ny ŋ/
• mʰ nʰ ɳʰ ɲʰ ŋʰ /mh nh ṇh nyh ŋh/
• r ɾ r͡ɽ ɽ /rr r ṛṛ ṛ/
• l ɭ /l ḷ/

Vowels

• iː uː /í ú/
• eː oː /é ó/
• ɛː ɔː /ê ô/
• äː /a/

• ɪ ʊ /i u/
• ɘ ɵ /e o/
• ɜ ɞ /è ò/
• ä /a/

Phonotactics

(C)(C)V(ː)(R/F)(C)

C = any consonant
R = any resonantal consonant
F = any fricative
V = any vowel

Accent

• Acute accent on first syllable of root, morphologically unchanged.

Grammar

Nouns

• nominative-accusative alignment with marked nominative
• 3A secundative alignment (S/A = Nominative, D = Pegative, P/R = Accusative, T = Instrumental)
• 8 cases (suffixal): Nominative, Pegative, Accusative, Instrumental, Genitive, Ablative, Allative, Benefactive
• noun class system (suffixal): Animate, Inanimate
• number combined with noun class: singular, paucal, plural
• definiteness (articles): Gnomic, Indefinite, Definite proper, Definite distant
• nominal tense (suffixal): past, present, future

Verbs

• aspects (suffixal): Perfective-Imperfective + Frequentative, Momentane
• voices (infixal): Direct-Inverse based on subjugating hierarchy
• "maked" causative vs "persuaded" causative (suffixal)
• three subjective and objective persons
• three moods (cliticized): Indicative, Conditional, Subjunctive

Adjectives

• three degrees of comparison

Pronouns

• three persons
• subjugating hierarchy

Adpositions

• prepositions

Syntax

• SOV
• head-final